The Central European countries can tap into India’s economic growth to expand their strategic outreach in the Indo-Pacific. India’s growth narrative carries significant geopolitical and regional implications, particularly for Europe. As the continent grapples with the ongoing geopolitical and developmental fallout of the Russia–Ukraine war, ...
Since Xi Jinping became General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2013, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has witnessed an accelerated modernisation drive. Following the 2015-16 organisational reforms, the CPC further standardised its service-level force structure and upgraded its military doctrine, combat ...
On 3 September 2025, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) held a grand parade in Beijing, showcasing ballistic and cruise missiles, nuclear triad components, unmanned platforms with countermeasures, and conventional systems from across its services. The event marked the 80th anniversary of China’s ‘War of Resistance ...
As the global economy moves towards ubiquitous digitisation, the demand for and generation of data is experiencing exponential growth, as are computational requirements and user adoption of AI products and services. This growth is forcing big-tech incumbents to expand capital expenditure. Undergirding this dynamic is ...
China’s external economic engagement in smart city development under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its digital sub-initiative, Digital Silk Road (DSR), is reshaping the geo-economic and geopolitical landscape of the Indo-Pacific. Between 2017 and 2023, Chinese state and private companies invested, loaned, or ...
The convergence of Military-Civil Fusion (MCF) and the Global Development Initiative (GDI) can serve as a strategic enabler for China to accelerate its geopolitical dominance and realise its ‘Middle Kingdom Dream’ by 2049. By embedding dual-use technologies into development projects, China effectively expands the People’s ...
This report demonstrates how the Ukraine war has catalysed exceptional growth in the United States (US) defence-industrial base, evident in record exports and orders, valuations, and profits, as well as an ecosystem expansion unprecedented in recent decades. It argues that this revitalisation has given renewed ...
Professor in Political Science, Calcutta University (Retired 2008). Formerly Dean, Faculty of Arts, Calcutta University; Visiting Fellow in Political Science and Associate, Committee on South Asian Studies, University of Chicago; Visiting Fellow in Political Science at the University of Michigan ...
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Premesha Saha was a Fellow with ORF’s Strategic Studies Programme. Her research focuses on Southeast Asia, East Asia, Oceania and the emerging dynamics of the Indo-Pacific region. Premesha’s other research interests include: Indonesia’s maritime strategy, India and Southeast Asia, India’s ...
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