Africa’s main challenges—climate change, conflict, water stress, and food insecurity form a nexus. They feed into each other and throttle the continent’s progress. Africa is currently battling multiple shocks and challenges—the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, unsustainable debt, the impact of the Ukraine–Russia war, climate ...
India has made reasonable progress in terms of quantum sensing systems via its National Quantum Mission, but needs a more refined and coordinated approach led by the Ministry of Defence. Given the importance of Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) systems, their augmentation should be a ...
India has emerged as a strong player in biotechnology research and development (R&D) over the past decade, with breakthroughs in developing vaccines, the establishment of research hubs to foster innovation, and new policies aimed at expanding the existing bioeconomy. One aspect that can help assist ...
Why has India refused to enter the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and yet enthusiastically signed Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with a range of partners? This paper attempts to explain this dichotomy through the prism of geoeconomics, while examining shifts in India’s trade policy, the ...
This paper proposes a Production-Linked Export-Oriented Incentive Scheme (PEOIS) for India’s micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), aimed at transforming the sector into a competitive and sustainable engine of growth in the backdrop of increasing global competition. This will overcome its present weaknesses of low ...
India’s edible oil sector stands at a crossroads, shaped by shifting global dynamics, rising domestic consumption, and persistent import dependence. Despite strong agricultural capacity, India imports over half of its edible oil, and consumption is projected to nearly double by 2040. Although domestic oilseed production ...
The sudden positive turn in United States (US)-Pakistan ties has alarmed Beijing, where questions are being raised about the future of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and China’s so-called ‘iron friendship’ with Pakistan. This paper analyses the ongoing debates in China’s policy and strategic circles. ...
In the post-war world order, the United States (US) has led the shaping of international law. Starting from President Donald Trump’s first term, however, its engagement with international law has shifted. This paper explores the potential effects of the Trump presidency on the international legal ...
Despite unprecedented political alignment and substantial capital inflows between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states in the past 15 years, economic integration between the two remains structurally shallow, asymmetric, and inconsistent. This paper diagnoses the root cause of this ...
This paper suggests introducing a new term, ‘hybrid militarised legalism’, to describe how, using constitutional and legal mechanisms, judicial independence is being gradually eviscerated in Pakistan. It builds on theories of autocratic legalism, hybrid regimes, civil-military relations, and sovereignty to suggest that the military in ...
Dr Nilanjan Ghosh heads Development Studies at the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) and serves as the operational and executive head of ORF’s Kolkata Centre. He was the Director of ORF’s Centre for New Economic Diplomacy. With over two decades of ...
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Dr. Soumya Bhowmick is a Fellow at the Centre for New Economic Diplomacy (CNED) at the Observer Research Foundation (ORF). He completed industry- endorsed Ph.D. studies at BML Munjal University as a SYLFF Research Grantee (Tokyo Foundation), focusing on inclusive ...
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