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China’s emergent footprints in West Asia
Sep 06, 2022

China’s emergent footprints in West Asia

As China continues to exert its influence in West Asia, the US must manoeuvre itself to make sure it does not play second-fiddle to either Moscow or B

China’s evolving nuclear strategy
Oct 12, 2023

China’s evolving nuclear strategy

Evidence suggests that China’s approach to its nuclear strategy is evolving. It is vital to understand the drivers of these changes.

China’s green promise in Africa: The case of Zimbabwe’s Sengwa coal power plant
Jun 09, 2020

China’s green promise in Africa: The case of Zimbabwe’s Sengwa coal power plant

China should be urged to respect its international obligations to reduce green emissions while the Zimbabwean government must be encouraged to be a re

China’s long game in West Asia
Oct 17, 2023

China’s long game in West Asia

The West is straining to maintain control over the Gaza war while simultaneously dealing with the conflict in Ukraine; will China be able to make the

China’s manned lunar ambitions: Strategic imperatives and implications
May 24, 2023

China’s manned lunar ambitions: Strategic imperatives and implications

China’s space policy planners are convinced that the country should aim for manned lunar landings by 2040. It has already established a sophisticated robotic lunar exploration programme and human landings are perceived as the logical next step. New navigation and communication architectures are being developed for this purpose, in addition to building life support systems and a suitable launch vehicle. However, China’s political leadership wo

China’s moves to strengthen its atomic arsenal
Mar 09, 2021

China’s moves to strengthen its atomic arsenal

Silo-based missile capabilities increase the odds of survivability for China’s small arsenal and are integral to Beijing’s nuclear modernisation e

China’s naval expansion and the challenges for India
Sep 29, 2021

China’s naval expansion and the challenges for India

The Indo-Pacific concept might have little currency in Beijing, but the Chinese Navy is at a point where not just the Western Pacific, but even the In

China’s near space technologies pose a real challenge
Oct 25, 2023

China’s near space technologies pose a real challenge

In the coming years, not just China, but countries across the world will need to recognise that the future battlefield will require investment in Near

China’s new defence white paper
Sep 27, 2019

China’s new defence white paper

The white paper is an amalgamation of past experiences as well as the role that China will play in the global order in the coming years.

China’s Nuclear Ambiguity and its Implications for India
Apr 07, 2021

China’s Nuclear Ambiguity and its Implications for India

China’s evolving security dynamics with the United States have compelled it to rethink its nuclear strategy to achieve effective deterrence. It is aiming to modernise its nuclear arsenal and increase its nuclear ambiguity through conventional-nuclear entanglement. Ambiguity will increase the risks of mischaracterisation and can have a destabilising impact on the Indo-Pacific region. This paper highlights two areas where India ought to be most c

China’s Nuclear Ambitions, the Implications for India, and the Future of Global Disarmament
Aug 16, 2023

China’s Nuclear Ambitions, the Implications for India, and the Future of Global Disarmament

China’s nuclear weapons arsenal has grown and modernised over the recent years, and current estimates say the country has 350 operational warheads ready for delivery, over 248 land-based ballistic missiles, and 72 sea-based ballistic missiles. China also has 20 nuclear gravity bombs and additional warheads intended to be armed on land- and sea-based missiles. This brief outlines a history of China’s nuclear weapons programme, scrutini

China’s Nuclear Forces Continue to Expand
Feb 05, 2024

China’s Nuclear Forces Continue to Expand

China’s nuclear expansion could lead to a spiraling arms race.

China’s PLA upgrades its forces along the disputed border with India
May 29, 2021

China’s PLA upgrades its forces along the disputed border with India

Despite continuing talks between India and China, military preparations clearly are continuing, too.

China’s practice in recognising Governments: The case of Taliban
Sep 15, 2021

China’s practice in recognising Governments: The case of Taliban

International recognition of government has always been more based on realpolitik rather than agreed upon priniciples

China’s real intentions behind its ‘technical hold’ on Masood Azhar
Feb 21, 2019

China’s real intentions behind its ‘technical hold’ on Masood Azhar

Masood Azhar-led Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) is one of the many terror groups Beijing considers as important cogs for security and stability in its restive

China’s Relationship with ASEAN: An Explainer
Apr 15, 2021

China’s Relationship with ASEAN: An Explainer

Arguably the most significant global phenomenon of the past four decades has been the economic and strategic rise of China. Today analysts are confronting questions of whether China will replace the United States as the world’s biggest power, if it will do so peacefully or through confrontation and conflict, how it will subvert the existing system of global rules and institutions, and whether a new form of bipolarity would emerge to accommodate

China’s rise and Trumpmerica’s tryst with the Thucydides trap
Nov 23, 2017

China’s rise and Trumpmerica’s tryst with the Thucydides trap

Thucydides’ assertion of the fifth century war being “inevitable” owing to the “rise of Athens” and the fear it “instilled” in the “ru

China’s rising naval power means trouble for India
Apr 28, 2017

China’s rising naval power means trouble for India

New Delhi will need to look to the US for help resisting Beijing’s maritime ambitions.

China’s sharp power: दुनिया की धार को करेगी कुंद या होगा ये वैश्विक जागरण का पल?
Nov 22, 2022

China’s sharp power: दुनिया की धार को करेगी कुंद या होगा ये वैश्विक जागरण का पल?

शार्प पॉवर (sharp power) - एक देश की सांस्कृतिक, शैक्षणिक व्यवस्था

China’s strategic ambitions seen in the Hambantota port in Sri Lanka
Jul 27, 2018

China’s strategic ambitions seen in the Hambantota port in Sri Lanka

New Delhi’s Indian Ocean woes aren’t confined to Sri Lanka. Across the Indian Ocean’s littorals, the Chinese navy has been preparing to establish a stronger security presence. On Pakistan’s Makran coast, the PLAN has deployed regularly, including at Gwadar, also constructed by CMPorts. Earlier this year, the PLA is said to have initiated talks with the Pakistan military for another outpost at Jiwani.

China’s strategic intentions: Implications for India and Taiwan
Nov 24, 2022

China’s strategic intentions: Implications for India and Taiwan

India will have to make changes at the strategic level in its posture and relationship with the PRC if China persists in holding on to its territorial

China’s surge in non-communicable diseases may limit its progress in SDG 3 on good health and well-being
Mar 31, 2021

China’s surge in non-communicable diseases may limit its progress in SDG 3 on good health and well-being

China seems to be far behind with SDG — with the possibility of achieving 12 out of the 28 health-related SDG targets.

China’s sustained influence in the Maldives
Jun 30, 2023

China’s sustained influence in the Maldives

Given the existing momentum of Beijing's commercial interactions with the Maldives, China might not have to wait for a more favourable shift in the Ma

China’s Two-Front Conundrum: A Perspective on the India-China Border Situation
Mar 07, 2023

China’s Two-Front Conundrum: A Perspective on the India-China Border Situation

China’s actions in Ladakh since 2020 are in violation of common understandings and have brought the focus of bilateral relationship back to the issue of the border. This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of China’s behaviour along the India-China border by exploring a fresh perspective that explains the instability along the border as a function of China’s two-front conundrum. It makes a historical account of past events to arg

China’s West Asian peace diplomacy a reality check for India
Mar 23, 2023

China’s West Asian peace diplomacy a reality check for India

The China-brokered Saudi Arabia-Iran deal puts the spotlight on New Delhi’s ties with Tehran

China’s Xi Proposes Global Security Initiative
May 13, 2022

China’s Xi Proposes Global Security Initiative

Despite the hypocrisy and power politics at the foundation of the GSI, it would be foolish to dismiss it or assume that it will not garner support from other countries.

China’s Xinjiang Policy: The Imperative for India
May 12, 2021

China’s Xinjiang Policy: The Imperative for India

Over the past two decades, China, in the name of counterterrorism has been carrying out a repressive campaign against the minority Muslim Uyghur population in its northwest region of Xinjiang. Its policy has provoked widespread condemnation from Western democracies. However, Beijing appears unscathed by such criticisms, especially as the Muslim world has either remained silent, or else have approved China’s actions in the region. This pap

China’s ‘Three Warfares’ Strategy in Action: Implications for the Sino-India Boundary, the Arctic, and Antarctica
Feb 07, 2024

China’s ‘Three Warfares’ Strategy in Action: Implications for the Sino-India Boundary, the Arctic, and Antarctica

China’s ‘three warfares’ strategy (TWS)—understood as public opinion, psychological, and legal warfare—has received considerable attention, but most analyses focus on Beijing’s sovereign claim to Taiwan and its maritime claims in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. This occasional paper evaluates the manifestation of the TWS against India in Ladakh and China’s motivation for adopting the same approach in the Arctic and Antar

Chinese anxiety over “Peak China” and how it may impact China-India ties
Mar 01, 2024

Chinese anxiety over “Peak China” and how it may impact China-India ties

Although China officially is making light of it, the “Peak China” discourse has been negatively impacting China’s domestic situation

Chinese attempting a new security architecture in Indo-Pacific
Dec 20, 2014

Chinese attempting a new security architecture in Indo-Pacific

With the enhancement of power in the Indo-Pacific region, China is attempting to create new constructs in the security arena which will be exclusively for Asians and it will bestow primacy to themselves.

Chinese BRI investments: A cornerstone of the expanding China-Bangladesh ties
Aug 10, 2023

Chinese BRI investments: A cornerstone of the expanding China-Bangladesh ties

Although Bangladesh has been able to seek favourable terms from China, will it manage to leverage economic aid while not allowing China strategic inro

Chinese Chequers: Chip on China's shoulder
Aug 18, 2022

Chinese Chequers: Chip on China's shoulder

Tensions in Taiwan Strait are an allegory for the Sino-American joust to dominate tomorrow's tech world

Chinese claim over South China Sea has as much to do with economics as history
Dec 08, 2012

Chinese claim over South China Sea has as much to do with economics as history

An Indian maritime expert feels China, which had increased its defence budget several-fold in order to retain or recover its territories in the disputed area, is also cleverly diffusing the situation by having joint military exercises with countries around the area to prevent them from banding together against its claims.

Chinese cyberattacks against Ladakh electricity grid:  A déjà vu  
Apr 15, 2022

Chinese cyberattacks against Ladakh electricity grid:  A déjà vu  

India should expand its offensive capabilities in the cyber domain to counter the cyber attacks from China and Pakistan

Chinese defence spending in the age of COVID-19
Jun 01, 2020

Chinese defence spending in the age of COVID-19

China’s mere 1.2% projected GDP growth for 2020 will undoubtedly pose problems for its recently declared defence budget, possibly leaving other crit

Chinese diaspora
Jul 09, 2014

Chinese diaspora

As ancient and highly populated regions, China and the Indian subcontinent have for long shaped global migration patterns. But, unlike Delhi, which has had to deal with diaspora issues ever since Independence, Beijing's problems have just begun.

Chinese discourse on the Sri Lankan crisis
Jul 27, 2022

Chinese discourse on the Sri Lankan crisis

A negative sentiment prevails in China about the Sri Lankan crisis as they claim Sri Lanka is exploiting its position and employing the “victim rhet

Chinese FM's talks with new Govt: A close look
Jun 11, 2014

Chinese FM's talks with new Govt: A close look

India needs to get a lot more clarity on what it expects from China. For all the economic engagement that India may have with China, it should not be under the illusion of its impact on the overall India-China relations.

Chinese generals prepare for a battle of hearts and minds
Jun 02, 2023

Chinese generals prepare for a battle of hearts and minds

China may be developing techniques to subvert societies in rival nations

Chinese Global Exchange Diplomacy and Influence Operations: An Overview
Feb 15, 2024

Chinese Global Exchange Diplomacy and Influence Operations: An Overview

Since the onset of the twenty-first century, China has employed various instruments of exchange diplomacy to overcome its historical 'century of humiliation’ and realise its 'Middle Kingdom’ dream. Riding on the platform of the Belt and Road Initiative, China has leveraged its strong economy and large human resources through tourism, education, and sister-city arrangements to strengthen people-to-people contact between its citizens, diaspora,

Chinese keep a keen eye on Modi's visit
May 11, 2015

Chinese keep a keen eye on Modi's visit

In Beijing, the overwhelming question a visitor faces is: What will be the outcome of the visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi? Will he bring a package to resolve the border question, or will he come with a basket of measures to attract Chinese investment in India?

Chinese N-subs in the Indian Ocean and Indian naval concerns
Apr 14, 2015

Chinese N-subs in the Indian Ocean and Indian naval concerns

The deployment of a Chinese nuclear submarine - presumably a Type 093 Shang-class - as part of the anti-piracy patrol of two ships and a supply vessel operating off the Gulf of Aden has set alarm bells ringing loudly in the Indian Navy. The implications of such a strategically significant move are simply enormous.

Chinese nationalism, with socialist characteristics?
Jul 12, 2021

Chinese nationalism, with socialist characteristics?

China’s communist party has survived where others have failed — a testament to its capacity to adapt and reinvent itself with the times. Mao’s successors put ideology aside and focused instead on economic growth.  Yet today, under Xi Jinping’s leadership, there is much lip-service paid to the ideology of the communist past, even while key communist principles like collectivism are actively undermined. With a slowing down economy, communi

Chinese newspaper coverage of the BRICS summit
Aug 04, 2014

Chinese newspaper coverage of the BRICS summit

The 6th BRICS Summit brought together the leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa on July 15 in Brazil. The annual diplomatic meeting announced plans for the New Development Bank, which would be located in Shanghai, China.

Chinese perceptions of Modi's foreign policy
Nov 14, 2014

Chinese perceptions of Modi's foreign policy

Tibet and the Dalai Lama's status continue to worry the Chinese. India's stated policy that Tibet is part of China notwithstanding, Chinese feel that India has a hidden agenda. The fact that Lobsang Sangay was invited to Modi's swearing-in has made the Chinese nervous.

Chinese public opinion on aiding Russia
Mar 13, 2023

Chinese public opinion on aiding Russia

China’s aid to Russia during the conflict is well-received by China’s domestic circles as they believe it caters to China’s interests in the lon

Chinese reactions to Bhutan PM’s interview
Apr 14, 2023

Chinese reactions to Bhutan PM’s interview

The Bhutanese PM’s recent interview is being lauded by the Chinese as an attempt by Bhutan to move closer to China at the expense of India

Chinese reactions to Nepal’s election result
Dec 29, 2022

Chinese reactions to Nepal’s election result

Despite the “communist victory” in Nepal, there seem to be some apprehensions within Chinese strategic circles about the stability of this new coa