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Women make up a majority of the four billion people excluded from the digital economy. Policy narratives assert that the digital economy has the potential to transform the world of work. Conversely, there are concerns that the existing ‘digital divide’ within and across nations will simply exacerbate existing social inequalities and reinforce gender hierarchies. G20 member states have repeatedly committed to bridging pervasive gender gaps in

What awaits the world in the aftermath of the Ukrainian war as years of trust and cooperation to tackle global challenges have been dismantled?

The biggest challenge for the Germans is perhaps introspecting who is a German and what do they want Germany’s future to be.

Emissions from fossil fuel-powered motor vehicles adversely affect air quality and contribute to global warming. The manufacture and use of electric vehicles (EVs) is among the ways by which this challenge can be mitigated. This brief evaluates the best practices adopted by countries in the forefront of EV adoption, and outlines the lessons India can draw from them to inform its own EVs strategy. It finds that in addition to strengthening

While addressing aspects of the synergy between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and biotechnology, the existing regulatory landscape will need more expli

Global challenges such as the pandemic and the Ukraine crisis have worsened the food crisis in recent years.

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, reforming the global health governance system has become a key area of concern for the G20 and other multilateral platforms. This comes at a time when the world has increasingly become volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous. As a grouping of developed and developing countries, the G20 must prioritise addressing global health challenges by identifying its direct and indirect determinants. This brief

Efforts are being made on a global scale to improve public health. One of the ini tiatives to attend to the many problems and challenges in the public health sect or is the creation of the Health Impact Fund (HIF).

The Power sector reforms in the country have presented the next strategic challenge that could redefine global interest in India. The country has set an ambitious target of producing 20,000 MW of Nuclear power by 2020 i.e. around 1000 MW of additional nuclear capacity per year for the next 17 years.

In order to save democracy from our own digital tools, we need to adopt a new model of governing digitally — public leaders must take a systemic app

This paper argues that the challenges in the governance of two Himalayan river systems, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, emerge largely from crucial information and knowledge gaps. The dominance of the paradigm of “reductionist hydrology” solely based on structural interventions has resulted in the lack of recognition of the long-run costs incurred through ecosystem damages and water conflicts at various levels. The knowledge gaps—including

Wetlands are important ecosystems that provide benefits such as flood control, water purification, and biodiversity conservation. In India, however, wetlands are threatened by pollution, encroachment, and rampant real estate development. This brief assesses the East Kolkata Wetlands to illustrate the challenges of preserving urban wetlands in India. It also presents recommendations to establish more comprehensive wetlands management and conservat

India spends over 2.6 per cent of its GDP to deal with challenges of climate change. Still, resource scarcity and other priorities make it a challenge to find matching financial resources for mitigating climate change. Green Bonds have the potential to significantly change the climate change landscape of India.

The Hamas attack may impose new security and political realities on the region and pose challenges in an election year for Biden

Although the scheme has ensured housing supply to millions of households, a focused approach is necessary to address the challenges of slum redevelopm

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented stress on India’s urban public health infrastructure, underscoring the need for urban planning to account for increased demand for health amenities during crises. This paper evaluates the city of Mumbai’s 1991 and 2034 development plans and finds inherent infrastructural inadequacies. It calls on urban-policymakers to complement development plans with robust dynamic health strategies that conside

The increasing range of cross-boundary health issues has prompted the integration of health into the discipline of diplomacy, and this trend is reflected in India-Africa partnership. India’s development partnerships are, however, predicated on the idea of development effectiveness, which requires active private sector engagement. By focusing on four opportunity sectors — medical tourism, tele-health, frugal innovations, and the pharmaceutica

Samir Saran, President, ORF was interviewed by Oxford Political Review in the backdrop of the Indian government’s decision to enforce a complete loc

It is an opportune time to assess and take stock of the progress as well as the roadblocks confronted by the public healthcare sector. The challenge f

While India is still in its nascent stages in the evolution of its health data ecosystem — it is important to diagnose some of the early challenges

AI is a valuable ally in the fight against desertification, but we must stay mindful of the challenges new AI solutions will have to address for them

States are no longer insulated from distant geopolitical realities. As India has witnessed, trade and supply chain linkages can extend conflicts to uninvolved states

The expanded BRICS offers India opportunities to assert its global leadership, but it also poses certain geopolitical and geoeconomic challenges.

India’s geographical landscape is vast, cultural differences can be sharp, and income disparities are stark in certain regions. Access to healthcare, therefore, is varied and the on-ground gaps and challenges are complex. The NITI Aayog Health Index is an attempt by the current government to formulate a mechanism to monitor at the sub-national level the country’s performance in improving healthcare. This paper uses the findings of the Health

It might be interesting to analyse our diplomatic handling of China and Pakistan on a comparative basis. These two countries pose the most difficult and complex foreign policy challenges to us. Is our approach to both countries similar, or there are differences in the way we engage them?

Despite several challenges to its democracy, the embedded values of India’s constitutional morality have played a pivotal role in strengthening it

As Biden tries to consolidate his governance agenda, he will find that the challenges within his own party might be far more difficult to tackle

Time and again, leaders from the global South have reaffirmed that people comes first and they should actively participate in the formulation and impl

आयसीईटीने ठोस वास्तवात स्फटिकरूप धारण केले तर ते भारतासाठी मोठे फायदे आणेल.

The NEP 2020 can help ensure that a holistic approach towards the integration of technology with different functional requirements of the sector is un

Conventional investments cater to investors who intend to gain financial returns. Other investors whose aim is to generate a positive social or environmental impact at a decent rate of return, turn to “impact investments” for their purpose. Mobilised to finance social enterprises, impact investments assume three primary forms: embedded, integrated, and external. This paper discusses the ideas of impact investment and social enterprises, and o

One can foresee many challenges as farmers and farm labourers set out to rebuild their lives and livelihoods.

The multiple crises besetting India’s justice delivery system are related to a large extent to what the Chief Justice calls “dilapidated” infrastructure. Indeed, it is empirically known that there is a positive correlation between adequacy of infrastructure—whether courtrooms, chambers, sanitation facilities, or digital connectivity—and productivity in the delivery of justice. This brief highlights the stark gaps in infrastructu

Given the national economic significance of freight efficiency in cities and the prospects of greater urbanisation, the government should provide fina

Chaos ensues in Pakistan as Imran Khan’s power is being challenged with a No Confidence Motion.

BIMSTEC member states have issued, on occasion, joint statements recognising the importance of holistic public healthcare and the need for alliances. Yet, intra-BIMSTEC collaborations so far have been limited, mostly focused on traditional medicine. Amidst COVID-19, the region’s states have an opportunity to take their health-sector partnerships to a “new normal”.  Given the highly endemic nature of communicable diseases and the porous bor

Bangladesh roping in China on Teesta project a challenge for India

Exploring the relevance, limitations, and future challenges of the 'Colombo Security Conclave' (CSC) as a security net.

The digital revolution opens new avenues for women's economic participation, however, to ensure true inclusion, this revolution must be steered by gen

Collaboration across sectors, responsible use of technology, and a deep understanding of local contexts are key to addressing global health challenges

The five-country group faces challenges arising from bilateral differences and diverse political systems

Despite the challenge posed by the war, the India-U.K. relationship has been on an upward trajectory

India needs to be innovative in dealing with challenges and leveraging opportunities that arrangements like the Quad present.

India needs to be disaggregated at least to the district level to resolve some of its key challenges.

riangular cooperation is a growing trend in India’s global engagement. The term refers to development cooperation in which traditional aid donors work together with Southern partners to address challenges in developing countries. Largely absent from this type of cooperation in the past, India has gradually become a more visible partner. The current government’s endorsement of triangular cooperation in joint statements with key partners, as we

India has asked scholars and experts from BRICS nations, attendng the Academic Forum meeting, to offer solutions and new ideas to meet global challenges.

The Davos model of globalization is in need of a successor that New Delhi could potentially offer

This report builds on the discussions during the 5th ORF Kalpana Chawla Space Policy Dialogue 2019 organised by ORF. The report has three sections: the first covers questions of strategy in space; the second discusses policy dimensions; and the final one explores the role of private enterprises in the space domain. While some sections may include global perspectives, the report views the various challenges in space primarily from an Indian standp