[a] The score signifies the daily intake of cereals, pulses and vegetables by children, adolescents and adults alike.
[b] This index measures the strategies a family adopts in case of food shortage.
[1] Global Hunger Index 2019, https://www.globalhungerindex.org/results.html
[2] National Family Health Survey 4 (2015–16), Government of India, http://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-4Reports/India.pdf
[3] UNICEF, WHO, World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition dataset, updated May 2017, https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/
[4]Chandana Maitra, A review of studies examining the link between food insecurity and malnutrition. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2018.
[5] Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, “Food security and the 2015–2030 sustainable development goals: From human to planetary health: Perspectives and opinions,” Current Developments in Nutrition 1, no. 7 (2017): e000513.
[6] Global Nutrition Report 2018, https://www.who.int/nutrition/globalnutritionreport/2018_Global_Nutrition_Report.pdf?ua=1
[7] Emanuela Galasso and Adam Wagstaff, “The aggregate income losses from childhood stunting and the returns to a nutrition Intervention aimed at reducing stunting,” Economics & Human Biology 34 (2019): 225–238. http://documents.albankaldawli.org/curated/ar/528901533144584145/pdf/WPS8536.pdf
[8] Ibid.
[9] International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) 2017, http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/131162/filename/131373.pdf
[10] Ana CMG Figueiredo, Isaac S. Gomes-Filho, Roberta B. Silva, Priscilla PS Pereira, Fabiana AF Da Mata, Amanda O. Lyrio, Elivan S. Souza, Simone S. Cruz, and Mauricio G. Pereira, “Maternal anemia and low birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Nutrients 10, no. 5 (2018): 601.
[11] Ibid.
[12] The National Food Security Act 2013, http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2013/E_29_2013_429.pdf
[13] FAO 2018. http://www.fao.org/3/i9553en/i9553en.pdf
[14] A community garden is a single piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people.
[15]Susan Buckingham, “Women (re)construct the plot: The regen(d)eration of urban food growing,” Area 37, no. 2 (2005): 171–179.
[16] Nutrition Garden/Kitchen Garden/Home Garden is a garden or area at home where vegetables, fruits or herbs are grown for domestic use.
[17] K. Landauer and M. Brazil. 1985. Tropical home gardens. Selected papers from an international workshop at the Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia, December 1985, United Nations University Press, Japan.
[18]Sunette M. Laurie, Mieke Faber, and Mamohkele M. Maduna, “Assessment of food gardens as nutrition tool in primary schools in South Africa,” South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, no. 4 (2017): 80–86.
[19] Pepijn Schreinemachers, Dhruba Raj Bhattarai, Giri Dhari Subedi, Tej Prasad Acharya, Hsiao-pu Chen, Ray-Yu Yang, Narayan Kaji Kashichhawa, Upendra Dhungana, Gregory C. Luther, and Maureen Mecozzi, “Impact of school gardens in Nepal: A cluster randomised controlled trial,” Journal of Development Effectiveness 9, no. 3 (2017): 329–343.
[20] Pepijn Schreinemachers, Bal Bdr Rai, Desang Dorji, Hsiao-pu Chen, Thinley Dukpa, Namgay Thinley, Passang Lhamo Sherpa, and Ray-Yu Yang, “School gardening in Bhutan: Evaluating outcomes and impact,” Food Security 9, no. 3 (2017): 635–648.
[21]Sondra M. Parmer, Jill Salisbury-Glennon, David Shannon, and Barbara Struempler, “School gardens: An experiential learning approach for a nutrition education program to increase fruit and vegetable knowledge, preference, and consumption among second-grade students,” Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 41, no. 3 (2009): 212–217.
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[23]Claire K. Berezowitz, Andrea B. Bontrager Yoder, and Dale A. Schoeller, “School gardens enhance academic performance and dietary outcomes in children,” Journal of School Health 85, no. 8 (2015): 508–518.
[24]Emily J. Ozer, “The effects of school gardens on students and schools: Conceptualization and considerations for maximizing healthy development,” Health Education & Behavior 34, no. 6 (2007): 846–863.
.
[25] Heather Graham, Deborah Lane Beall, Mary Lussier, Peggy McLaughlin and Sheri Zidenberg-Cherr, “Use of school gardens in academic instruction,” Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 37, no. 3 (2005): 147–151.
[26]Nancy M. Wells, Beth M. Myers, and Charles R. Henderson, “Study protocol: Effects of school gardens on children’s physical activity,” Archives of Public Health 72, no. 1 (2014): 43.
[27]Dilrukshi Hashini Galhena, Russell Freed, and Karim M. Maredia, “Home gardens: A promising approach to enhance household food security and wellbeing,” Agriculture & Food Security 2, no. 1 (2013): 8.
[28] Leelangi Wanasundera, “Rural women in Sri Lanka’s post conflict rural economy,” Rap Publication 13 (2006): 7–43.
[29]Salesh Kumar Jindal and Major Singh Dhaliwal, “Development of vegetable nutrition garden model for diet diversification and improved nutrition security of urban and peri-urban households,” International Journal of Horticulture 7 (2017).
[30] L. Bhattacharjee, S. Phithayaphone, and B. K. Nandi, “Home gardens key to improved nutritional well-being,” RAP Publication (FAO) (2006).
[31] N. Kehli, “Micro gardening as a contribution to food security and nutrition in Africa“.
[32] Debika Goswami, “Kitchen Garden: Empowering rural women”.
[33]Prashant K. Parida, S. Malarvannan, Ajit Kumar Sahu, Rajdeep Behera, Jaganath Naik, and Oliver King Edi, “Nutrition Sensitive Annadata Kitchen Garden Model: Growth for health and wellbeing of tribal poor–A couple of case studies.” Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science 6, no. 3 (2018): 882–890.
[34] ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, “Backyard Nutritional Kitchen Gardening—A success story,” https://iihr.res.in/backyard-nutritional-kitchen-gardening-success-story-0
[35] J. Krishnan, “Nutrition Gardens—Women lead the way”.
[36]Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Tahmeed Ahmed, Robert E. Black, Simon Cousens, Kathryn Dewey, Elsa Giugliani, Batool A. Haider et al., “What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival,” The Lancet 371, no. 9610 (2008): 417–440.
[37] Aliza Pradhan, Raju Sathanandhan, Akshaya Kumar Panda, and Rupal Wagh, “Improving household diet diversity through promotion of nutrition gardens in India.” American Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 5 (2018): 43–51.
[38]A. Talukder, N. J. Haselow, A. K. Osei, E. Villate, D. Reario, H. Kroeun, L. SokHoing, A. Uddin, S. Dhunge, and V. Quinn, “Homestead food production model contributes to improved household food security and nutrition status of young children and women in poor populations. Lessons learned from scaling-up programs in Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal and Philippines),” Field Actions Science Reports. The Journal of Field Actions Special Issue 1 (2010).
[39]Mapira Nyasha, Nhire Shiela, and Chikozho Martin, “Effectiveness of Nutrition Gardens in enhancing sustainable livelihood of orphans and vulnerable children: A case study of Mkoba Nutrition Gardens in Gweru Urban, Zimbabwe,” International Journal of Management 2, no. 5 (2014): 209–221.
[40]Muhammad Mohsin, Muhammad Mushahid Anwar, Farrukh Jamal, Fahad Ajmal, and Juergen Breuste, “Assessing the role and effectiveness of kitchen gardening toward food security in Punjab, Pakistan: A case of district Bahawalpur,” International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (2017): 64–78.
[41]Tannaz J. Birdi and Shimoni U. Shah, “Implementing perennial kitchen garden model to improve diet diversity in Melghat, India.” Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 4 (2016): 10.
[42]Patricia A. Carney, Janet L. Hamada, Rebecca Rdesinski, Lorena Sprager, Katelyn R. Nichols, Betty Y. Liu, Joel Pelayo, Maria Antonia Sanchez, and Jacklien Shannon, “Impact of a community gardening project on vegetable intake, food security and family relationships: A community-based participatory research study,” Journal of Community Health 37, no. 4 (2012): 874–881.
[43]T. P. Ijinu, N. Anish, H. Shiju, V. George, and P. Pushpangadan, “Home gardens for nutritional and primary health security of rural poor of South Kerala,” Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 10, no. 3 (2011): 413–428.
[44] R. Narayanan and A. K. Panda, “Vegetable cultivation in home gardens—A study in three tribal villages of Odisha India,” The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 48, no. 5 (2011): 187–196.
[45] Florencia Montagnini,”Homegardens of Mesoamerica: Biodiversity, food security, and nutrient management,” In Tropical Homegardens (pp. 61-84. Dordrecht: Springer, 2006).
[46] Soumi Kundu, “Jharkhand’s Kitchen Gardens add nutrition to rural diets, and lower food bill”.
[47] Aparna Pallavi, “Become Iron Woman, Eat Veggies,” https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/become-iron-woman-eat-veggies-41035
[48]Constance Rybak, Hadijah Ally Mbwana, Michelle Bonatti, Stefan Sieber, and Klaus Müller, “Status and scope of kitchen gardening of green leafy vegetables in rural Tanzania: Implications for nutrition interventions,” Food Security 10, no. 6 (2018): 1437–1447.
[49] Rinchen Norby Wangchuk, “My School, My Farm: Mizoram IAS Officer tackles malnutrition with a brilliant idea!” thebetterindia.com, https://www.thebetterindia.com/189687/ias-hero-mizoram-malnutrition-agriculture-lawngtlai/
[50]Deanna K. Olney, Aminuzzaman Talukder, Lora L. Iannotti, Marie T. Ruel, and Victoria Quinn, “Assessing impact and impact pathways of a homestead food production program on household and child nutrition in Cambodia,” Food and Nutrition Bulletin 30, no. 4 (2009): 355–369.
[51]Emily Bloss, Fidelis Wainaina, and Robert C. Bailey, “Prevalence and predictors of underweight, stunting, and wasting among children aged 5 and under in western Kenya,” Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 50, no. 5 (2004): 260–270.
[52]Savita Arya, Satya Prakash, Sarita Joshi, Kirti M. Tripathi, and Vinita Singh, “Household food security through kitchen gardening in rural areas of Western Uttar Pradesh, India,” International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 468–474.
[53] UN-ESCAP, “Sustainable agriculture and food security in Asia and the Pacific.” Bangkok: UN ESCAP (2009).
[54]Robin Marsh, “Building on traditional gardening to improve household food security,” Food Nutrition and Agriculture (1998): 4–14.
[55]Anne Aswani Musotsi, A. J. Sigot, and M. O. A. Onyango, “The role of home gardening in household food security in Butere division of western Kenya,” African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 8, no. 4 (2008): 375–390.
[56] UNICEF, “Community led Nutrition Garden in Narayanpur, Chattisgarh”.
[57]Zannatul Ferdous, Avishek Datta, Anil Kumar Anal, Mazharul Anwar, and ASM Mahbubur Rahman Khan, “Development of home garden model for year round production and consumption for improving resource-poor household food security in Bangladesh,” NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 78 (2016): 103–110.
[58]Masashi Soga, Kevin J. Gaston, and Yuichi Yamaura, “Gardening is beneficial for health: A meta-analysis,” Preventive Medicine Reports 5 (2017): 92–99.
[59] Tata Energy Research Institute, “Introducing the concept of Nutri-gardens to address rural malnutrition by involving IOCL’s Kisan Seva Kendras”.
[60] ICAR-India Institute of Horticultural Research, “Backyard Nutritional Kitchen Garden—A success story”.
[61] BM Tandel et al., “Cost-effective-dietary Backyard Kitchen Gardening: A success story”, Rashtriya Krishi 10, no. 1 (2015): 113–114.
[62] Basudev Mahapatra, “Odisha women fight malnutrition with backyard gardens”.
[63] Reliance Foundation Annual Report 2012–13.
[64] Impact Assessment of Reliance Nutrition Gardens, 2019 (unpublished data).
[65] Evaluation of Bharat India Jodo Programme. Sambodhi Research and Communications Private Limited 2018 (unpublished).
[66] Impact of Reliance Nutrition Gardens in Improving the Health Status of Women across the Programme Areas of RFBIJ (unpublished data).
[67] Odisha Livelihood Mission, http://olm.nic.in/?q=livelihoods
[68] Workers engaged with communities in promotion of agriculture.
[69] The Hindu, “MGNREGA funds to be used for developing gardens in schools“.
[70] The Asian Age, “Nutrition Gardens provide balanced diet in Chhattisgarh schools”.
[71] Roadmap on convergence of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA with other schemes in Chhattisgarh, Panchayat and Rural Development Department.
[72] Soumi Kundu, “In a Jharkhand district, women are growing food in their kitchen gardens to tackle poor nutrition,” https://scroll.in/article/854036/jharkhand-kitchen-gardens-add-nutrition-to-food-basket
[73] R. Sathyanarayana, “Green is good: TN to set up roof gardens at 1,500 govt schools”.
[74] Reliance Industries Limited. Report on the Corporate Social Responsibility, https://www.ril.com/ar2018-19/report-on-corporate-social-responsibility.html
[75] Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India.
[76] Shashanka Ala, “An IAS Officer who has sparked a Poshan revolution in a remote district of Mizoram with her My School, My Farm innovation”.
[77] Rashmi Drolia, “Chhatttisgarh combating highest malnutrition, Bijapur kitchen garden gets fresh food for kids”.
[78] Kamini Mehta, “Chandigarh govt school grows veggies in backyard for mid day meal”.
[79] School Nutrition (Kitchen) Gardens Guidelines, Ministry of Human Resource Development. October 2019.